IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON HUMAN RIGHTS: PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENTS OF THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO

The concept of human rights is not consensual, however, it persists in the moral, political and legal culture of the modern world. The State has always occupied an ambiguous and dialectical place, sometimes being directly or indirectly responsible for the offense, sometimes responsible for the protection of rights. In addition to the aspect of legitimacy, the Covid-19 pandemic led to a much more serious problem related to the policy adopted by the Brazilian Government and its effects. In order to know the perception of residents of the city of Rio de Janeiro on aspects related to the impacts of Covid-19 on 5 basic rights: health, education, freedom to come and go, work and income, and voting, a survey of the type web survey. To reach the respondents, the snowball method was used, having as a starting point the contact list of the study authors. As a result, most respondents identified the five rights mentioned as Human Rights and revealed that they believe that: 1) public authorities are responsible for limiting rights;2) the restriction of any of the aforementioned rights is justifiable during the pandemic;3) the impact of limitations on rights on lower socioeconomic classes was greater;4) are dissatisfied with the performance of the Federal Government regarding the measures adopted;and, finally, 5) who are complying with the rules of social isolation at the same time that other residents of the city of Rio de Janeiro are not. © 2022 AIUB Office of Research and Publication. All rights reserved.

Covid-19 Cardiac Arrest: Resuscitate Or Not?

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with high in-hospital mortality. Since the implementation of guidelines and improvement in the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the survival rate for non-COVID-19 patients has improved. There is, however, scarce data regarding in-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate cardiac arrest outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Method(s): Retrospective study of the data of 994 adult patients admitted to a single-center high acuity critical care COVID-19 unit between March 2020 and February 2022 with COVID-19 diagnosis. Patients who underwent CPR were identified. Resuscitation registers and demographic information were obtained. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary assessments were the initial rhythm and duration of CPR. Descriptive statistics were utilized. Result(s): A total of 994 COVID-19 patients were included in the study. 129 (13%) had a cardiac arrest and underwent CPR. Two patients survived hospital discharge (1.6%). Of them, 91(70.5%) were male. Mean age was 68.6 (+/-13.5) years. Median BMI was 29.1 [25.8-35.7] Kg/m2. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension in 59 patients (46.1%), followed by diabetes type 2 in 30 patients (23.4%), and there were 37 (28.9%) patients with no comorbidities. The median time from admission to cardiac arrest was 12[6-18.5] days, the most common rhythm at the time of cardiac arrest was asystole in 94 (72.9%) patients, followed by pulseless electrical activity in 25 (19.4%);Ventricular dysrhythmias occurred in 7 (5.5%)of the cases. Finally, the median duration of CPR was 20[13.7-29] minutes. Conclusion(s): Survival of COVID-19 patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest was dismal, despite the adequate implementation of resuscitation protocols. Many of these patients were overweight or obese with comorbid conditions. The most common presenting rhythm was a non-shockable rhythm.

Analise Do Perfil Dos Doadores E Dos Procedimentos De Plaquetaferese No Banco De Sangue Santa Marcelina Realizados Em 2021

Objetivos: Analisar o perfil dos doadores de plaquetafereses do Banco de Sangue Santa Marcelina, no ano de 2021, seguido da analise dos procedimentos correlacionando com caracteristicas dos doadores. Material e metodos: Coleta de dados dos procedimentos de plaquetafereses realizados em 2021 no Banco de Sangue Santa Marcelina. Resultados: Feito, em 2021, 1104 procedimentos de plaquetafereses em 466 doadores. Executados na MCS+, 67% (736 procedimentos) e na TRIMA, 33% (368 procedimentos). Desses 466 doadores, 78% (365 doadores) eram homens e 22% (101) mulheres. Em relacao a idade, 70% (325 doadores) na faixa etaria de 30-49 anos, 1% (4) tinham mais de 60 anos. Doadores com sobrepeso foram os mais comuns, 51% (239), com indice de massa corporea (IMC) entre 25-29,9, obeso grau I (IMC 30-34,9) presente em 26% (120), 17% (78) na faixa normal (IMC 18,5-24,9) e 2% (9), sendo 6 homens e 3 mulheres, tinham obesidade grau III (IMC >=40). A contagem plaquetaria previa em 49% (227) variou entre 200.000 e 269.999/mm3, em 29% (133) entre 150.000-199.999/mm3, 2% (7) apresentavam plaquetas acima de 320.000/mm3. Mais da metade desses doadores, 52% (244), fizeram apenas um procedimento de plaquetaferese em 2021, e no geral, 93% (435) fizeram de 1-6 procedimentos no ano, o maximo de coletas foi de 14 vezes em um doador. Em 61% (284) dos doadores, a volemia sanguinea variou entre 4.100 e 5.299ml, 5% (22) doadores tinham entre 3500 e 4099ml e 5% (23) tinham mais de 6500ml. Em 64% (706) dos procedimentos, o tempo variou entre 60 e 89 minutos, houve 1% (14) procedimentos que, devido intercorrencias variadas, o tempo ficou entre 0 e 30 minutos e nao houve coleta de produto viavel, sendo 8 interrupcoes na MCS+ e 6 na TRIMA. Em 23% (86/368) dos procedimentos na TRIMA foi possivel realizar em menos 60 minutos, e apenas em 5% (36/736) na MCS+, mas, o tempo medio, entre 1 hora e 1h30min, foi similar, 63% (462/736) na MCS+ e 66% (242/368) na TRIMA. Na maioria dos procedimentos, 60% (659), coletou-se uma plaquetafereses simples, e em 37% (413) foi possivel coletar uma dupla, separando por maquina, a TRIMA coletou mais duplas 56% (205/368) contra 28% (208/736) na MCS+. O procedimento removeu de 0,0 a 50% das plaquetas circulantes, em 76% (840) retirou entre 20-39,9%. Apos o procedimento, a contagem plaquetaria remanescente estimada ficou acima de 100.000/mm3 em 100% dos doadores. Discussao: A doacao de plaquetafereses contribui para manutencao dos estoques, pois de um doador e possivel coletar o equivalente a 6 ou 12 unidades de randomicas, se for bolsa simples ou dupla, e sao desleucocitadas durante o processamento com baixa contaminacao de hemacias. Em nosso servico, a maioria dos doadores sao do sexo masculino, acima de 30 anos, com excesso de peso e contagem previa de plaquetas acima de 200.000/mm3. Em 2021 ainda havia muitas restricoes por causa da pandemia de Sars-Cov-2, isso poderia explicar o porque 52% dos doadores fizeram apenas uma doacao neste ano avaliado. Bolsas duplas foram obtidas com mais frequencia na TRIMA, porem, nem todos os doadores tem um acesso venoso bom para TRIMA e a realizamos muito mais procedimentos na MCS+ em nosso servico. Na MCS+ o tempo de procedimento foi maior que na TRIMA, a primeira e de fluxo descontinuo e a segunda continuo, essa diferenca de tempo e de conhecimento geral. Conforme recomendacao, nenhum doador terminou o procedimento com plaquetas estimadas menor que 100.000/mm3. Conclusao: Os equipamentos avaliados sao seguros e tem diferencas de processos que auxiliam o servico a ampliar as opcoes de doadores sem comprometer a qualidade. Deve-se adotar os cuidados previsto na legislacao em relacao a selecao e protecao e estimular as doacoes de repeticao, que sao permitidas ate 24 vezes por ano. Copyright © 2022

Lessons Learned from Substantive Process Teachings in Coping with COVID-19 from a Nursing Perspective

Introduction: Nurses play a critical role in times of pandemic because they bring knowledge, skills, and life experiences together with the healthcare team. Objective: To understand the experiences gained from the lessons learned from the substantive processes in dealing with COVID-19 in pediatric practice, from a nursing perspective. Methods: Transcendental phenomenological qualitative study, carried out at the Pediatric Hospital "Octavio de la Concepción", Holguín, Cuba, in the period from February to April 2021. The experiences of eight nurses, seven physicians, five medical students and five nursing students, selected by non-probabilistic sampling, were integrated. Information was obtained through semi-structured interviews. Three stages were used: descriptive (choice of technique, interview, and formulation of the description), structural (reading, determination of the central theme, expression in scientific language) and discussion (comparison of findings with those of other researchers) to understand differences and similarities. Results: Three categories emerged from the data analysis: a) Experiences acquired in the teachings in the COVID-19 in social processes. b) Experiences acquired in the teachings in the COVID-19 for health professionals. c) Experiences acquired in the teachings in the COVID-19 for personnel in training. Conclusions: The implementation of health and social support actions in accessibility to health systems was evidenced. The opportunity to share experiences with experts facilitated the design of protocols, continuous generation of scientific evidence and the training of students with alternative methods. © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

Forecasting the Use of Decontamination Robots in the COVID Era

This paper explores the introduction and possible adoption of robots that are designed to clean or decontaminate public spaces, such as airports, lobbies, or medical facilities. Such robots are capable of performing autonomous or semiautonomous cleaning functions. They offer the advantage of cleaning areas that may contain harmful biological agents, like the Sars-Cov-2 virus (also known as COVID-19), without exposing human cleaning crews to the risk of infection. Such robots offer a number of additional advantages, including the ability to work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to decontaminate more precisely than human cleaning crews, and a variety of operational characteristics that may make them more efficient and cost-effective than traditional cleaning methods. The initial part of the paper involves a case study of a company called Build with Robots, which is in the process of commercializing robots to perform these types of functions. An overview is provided of the general technology involved with these types of robots, as well as an analysis of the industry, and discussion of commercialization prospects. The paper then conducts a technology forecast to determine overall trends for the development and adoption of this technology. The authors use a bibliometric approach and literature review to gather data sets and perform S-curve analysis. This forecast is then used to provide overall conclusions and recommendations about the current state of this technology and its commercialization prospects. © 2022 PICMET.

Social Representation about Pediatric Hospital Services for Providing Care to Patients Suspected of COVID-19 from a Nursing Perspective

Introduction: The organization of pediatric services is essential in the current process of confronting the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To describe, from a nursing perspective, the social representation on management in the organization of pediatric hospital services for the care of patients suspected of COVID-19. Methods: A qualitative study of transcendental phenomenological methodological orientation was carried out at Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja Pediatric Hospital from Holguín, Cuba, between January and April 2021. The knowledge acquired from the experience of nurses, five supervisors, three area heads and eight ward chiefs, selected by nonprobabilistic sampling, was integrated. The following phases were used: descriptive, structural and discussion. The descriptive phase consisted of three stages: choice of technique, semistructured interview and elaboration of the description. The structural phase had the following stages: reading, determination of the central topic and expression in scientific language. In the results discussion phase, the results were related to the conclusions and findings of researchers to understand the possible differences or similarities for further enhancement. Results: Four categories emerged from the data analysis: design of nursing care protocols for COVID-19 positive and suspect patients;reorganization, recruitment and training of personnel;organization of working groups according to clinical picture and rapid test or PCR results;and general measures. Conclusions: The organization of nursing care services by groups avoided the collapse of the nursing human resource and guaranteed the availability of beds, as well as staff own safety and patient safety, to minimize in-hospital transmissibility. © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of stress and stressors at different stages of the life cycle

The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused psychological impacts on the world population, and its consequent stress can cause long-term problems. The aim of this work was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of stress and stressors among the population of State of São Paulo - Brazil, when compared to a period before the pandemic, in the different phases of the life cycle stages. An exploratory study was carried out, with a non-probabilistic sample, by accessibility divided in period Before Pandemic (BP) and Pandemic (P). The IPEEB - Inventory of Perceived Stress and Stressors and a demographic questionnaire were applied in two steps: BP and P. 1181 adults participated (N=854 BP and N=327 P). The analysis was done in groups divided by life cycle stage, which are ending of the youth, early adulthood, middle age and senior age. The results presented to be consistent (Cronbach's alfa.93), And the perception of stress and stressors was higher in the P period compared to the BP period, with significant differences in the groups divided by vital cycle stages. The results suggest that people at different life stages react in different ways to the stressors during pandemic, requiring different current and future psychosocial support actions depending on the age group. © 2021 Universidade Federal do Parana - Departamento de Psicologia. All rights reserved.